the 92 pácittiyas (7)

7^th part, sappášaka

pácittiya 61

"yo pana bhikkhu sañcacca pášaµ jívitá voropeyya, pácittiyaµ."

Not to kill animals. If a bhikkhu acts with the intention to kill an animal and succeeds in killing it, he commits a pácittiya.

If a bhikkhu kills a human being, he commits the párájika 3. Similarly, if he kills an animal, whether it is an elephant or a fly, he commits the pácittiya 61.

Remarks: This rule partly corresponds to the first of the ten precepts.

pácittiya 62

"yo pana bhikkhu jánaµ sappášakaµ udakaµ paribhuñceyya, pácittiyaµ."

Not to use water containing living beings. If a bhikkhu drinks or uses water containing living beings, and he knows that by using this water he could kill them (by drinking it, taking a shower, washing a bowl, extinguishing a fire, etc.), he commits a pácittiya.

To prevent insects from settling or breeding in the water within a container, this water must be changed daily. Before drinking any water that could contain small insects, it must be filtered.

Remark: This rule partly corresponds to the first of the ten precepts.

pácittiya 63

"yo pana bhikkhu jánaµ yathádhammaµ nihatádhikaranaµ punakammáya ukko†eyya, pácittiyaµ."

Not to rebel oneself in order to re-open a solved matter. If a bhikkhu voluntarily provokes a dispute in order to rekindle a conflict that has already been settled in agreement with the vinaya, he commits a pácittiya.

Remark: The ways to settle internal conflicts in the saµgha are dealt with in the last category of rules of the pátimokkha (the 7 adhikarašasamatha).

pácittiya 64

"yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa jánaµ du††hullaµ ápattiµ pa†icchádeyya, pácittiyaµ."

Not to conceal a párájika, a saµghádisesa, or a thullaccaya. Knowing that a bhikkhu has committed a "serious fault", if a bhikkhu conceals it, he commits a pácittiya.

The offences called du††hulla (serious faults) are the párájika, the saµghádisesa and the thullaccaya. If a bhikkhu who has committed such an offence reveals it to a second bhikkhu, the latter must declare it to another bhikkhu. Otherwise, he commits the pácittiya 64.

pácittiya 65

"yo pana bhikkhu jánaµ únavísativassaµ puggalaµ upasampádeyya, so ca puggalo anupasampanno, te ca bhikkhú gárayhá, idaµ tasmiµ pácittiyaµ."

Not to integrate a person under twenty years of age into the saµgha. If a bhikkhu knowingly integrates into the saµgha a person who is not yet twenty years of age, counted from the day of his conception, he commits a pácittiya, the young person is not a bhikkhu and the bhikkhu who has integrated him must be reprimanded.

To define the twenty years of existence of a person, one takes into account the minimum gestation period, namely seven months. The minimum age (counted from birth) for integration of a man into the saµgha is then nineteen years and five months. In this way, one is certain not to go beyond the minimum required age.

pácittiya 66

"yo pana bhikkhu jánaµ theyyasatthena saddhiµ saµvidháya ekaddhánamaggaµ pa†ipajjeyya antarampi, pácittiyaµ."

Not to travel with smugglers planning to perpetrate a fraud. Knowing that a group of merchants (or other persons) plan to elude a patrol (guard post, control point, customs, etc.), if a bhikkhu voluntarily makes a trip in the company of such persons and has agreed with them the date, time, convoy or ship, he commits a pácittiya.

pácittiya 67

"yo pana bhikkhu mátugámena saddhiµ saµvidháya ekaddháya ekaddhánamaggaµ pa†ipajjeyya antamaso gámantarampi pácittiyaµ."

Not to make a trip with a woman having planned it with her. If a bhikkhu voluntarily makes a trip in the company of a woman, he commits a pácittiya.

A bhikkhu commits the pácittiya 67 when he makes a trip (of whatever length) in the company of a woman, after having arranged the journey with her. If, without having arranged it, a bhikkhu makes a trip with a woman he meets in a means of transport (vehicle, train, ship, plane, etc.), he does not commit any offence. If a woman arranges a trip with a bhikkhu who does not confirm this arrangement, the latter does not commit the offence by making a trip with this woman. It is only if the two parties have agreed on the date or time of departure that the pácittiya 67 is committed.

pácittiya 68

"yo pana bhikkhu evaµ vadeyya "tatháhaµ bhagavatá dhammaµ desitaµ ájánámi, yathá ye me antaráyiká dhammá vuttá bhagavatá, te pa†isevato nálaµ antaráyá" ti, so bhikkhu bhikkúhi evamassa vacaníyo má yasmá evaµ vadeyya, anekapariyáyená vuso antaráyiká dhammá antaráyiká vuttá bhagavatá, alañca pana te pa†isevato antaráyáyá ti. evañca so bhikkhu bhikkhúhi vuccamáno tatheva paggašheyya, so bhikkhu bhikkhúhi yávatatiyaµ samanubhásitabbo tassa pa†inissaggáya. yávatatiyañce samanubhásiyamáno taµ pa†inissajjeyya, iccetaµ kusalaµ. no ce pa†inissajjeyya, pácittiyaµ."

Not to affirm that things such as sexual pleasures are not an obstacle to the development of ariyá stage or to jhána realisations, nor to rebirth in the deva world, when the Buddha explains that these things are precisely an obstacle to those, and not to maintain erroneous views. Those bhikkhu who hear or see another bhikkhu make statements such as these, or saying incorrect things that Buddha never taught, must tell him not to attribute such statements to Buddha, because he never taught these things. In giving him the reasons that cause obstacles to attainments or to favourable rebirths, they must tell him that this is what Buddha taught. They must tell him that such is the dhamma that must be explained to those around us. Next, they must forbid him three times in succession to renounce those words. If he retracts, he does not commit the offence. If he refuses to abandon his view, he commits a dukka†a.

He must then be taken into the símá, together with other bhikkhus, and asked again three times to abandon his views. If he retracts, he does not commit a supplementary offence. If he refuses to abandon his views, he again commits a dukka†a.

It is then necessary to demand him again that he abandons his view, by means of the ñatti kammavácá, up to three times in succession (unless he has abandoned his view in the meantime). If at the end of the first reading of the kammavácá, the bhikkhu does not retract, he commits again a dukka†a. If at the end of the second reading of the kammavácá, he does not retract, he commits a dukka†a. If at the end of the third reading of the kammavácá, he still does not retract, he commits le pácittiya 68.

Such a bhikkhu is placed outside the community for as long as he does not reject his erroneous views; the other bhikkhus stop frequenting him (sleeping in the same building, go to collect rice together, eat at the same table, etc.)

It is very important not to defame the teaching of Buddha through erroneous statements. For having maintained his false views, the bhikkhu who is at the origin of this rule took rebirth in the hells realm.

pácittiya 69

"yo pana bhikkhu jánaµ tathavádiná bhikkhuná aka†ánudhammena taµ di††hissa††hena saddhiµ appa†inissa††hena saddhiµ sambhuñceyya vá saµvaseyya vá saha vá seyyaµ kappeyya, pácittiyaµ."

Not to frequent a bhikkhu who has been placed outside the community. If, with knowledge of cause, a bhikkhu does one of the following with (or for) a bhikkhu placed outside the community for refusing to reject erroneous views, he commits a pácittiya:

giving him food he has collected;
teaching him the a††hakathás (acknowledged commentaries);
follow his teachings of the dhamma);
do the uposatha or the pavárašá with him;
lodge in the same building;
perform tasks together.

pácittiya 70

"samašuddeso pi ce evaµ vadeyya "tatháhaµ bhagavatá dhammaµ desitaµ ájánámi, yathá ye me antaráyiká dhammá vuttá bhagavatá, te pa†isevato nálaµ antaráyáyá" ti, so samašuddeso bhikkhúhi eva massavacaníyo "mávuso samašuddesa evaµ avaca, má bhagavantaµ abbhácikkhi, na hi sádhu bhagavato abbhakkhánaµ, na hi bhagavá evaµ vadeyya, anekapariyáyená vuso samašuddesa antaráyiká dhammá antaráyiká vuttá bhagavatá, alañca pana te pa†isevato antaráyáyá" ti. evañca so samašuddeso bhikkhúhi vuccamáno tatheva paggašheyya, so samašuddeso bhikkhúhi evamassa vacaníyo "ajjataggete ávuso samašuddesa naceva so bhagavá satthá apadisitabbo, yampi ca ññe samašuddesá labhanti bhikkhúhi saddhiµ dirattatirattaµ sahaseyyaµ, sápi te natthi, cara pire vinassá" ti. yo pana bhikkhu jánaµ tathánásitaµ samašuddesaµ upalápeyya vá sapa††hápeyya vá sambhuñceyya vá saµvaseyya vá saha vá seyyaµ kappeyya, pácittiyaµ."

Not to frequent a sámašera who develops erroneous views. The bhikkhu who hears or sees a sámašera affirm that things such as sexual pleasures are not an obstacle to the development of ariyá stage or jhána realisations, or to rebirth in the deva world, when the Buddha explained that these things are precisely an obstacle to those, must tell him not to attribute such statements to Buddha, because he never taught such things. In giving him the reasons that cause an obstacle to attainments or to favourable rebirths, they must tell him that so did the Buddha taught, and that it is not right to defile the teachings of the dhamma with such statements. They must tell him that this is the dhamma that must be explained to those around us and that such erroneous views must be abandoned.

Afterwards, if the sámašera persists in refusing to abandon his erroneous views, the bhikkhu who sees or hears this must tell him:

"From today on, no longer present Buddha as your teacher. Those persons who do not reject their erroneous views are not worthy of being disciples of Buddha. You are not allowed to sleep in the same building- or under the same roof, or between the same walls – as another sámašera or a bhikkhu; not even the two or three nights allowed to the laity (see the pácittiya 5). Do as you wish, if this pleases you, destroy yourself!"

The bhikkhu who, with knowledge of cause, does any of the following with (or for) a sámašera who has been banished from the community, commits the pácittiya 70: